It is scientific knowledge today that indigenous peoples greatly improved their ecosystems through cultural practices linked to their subsistence and thereby guaranteed that animals would thrive in their natural environment. They equally minimized hunting in areas where certain species of animals were underrepresented. Quite apart from this, indigenous peoples preserved animal species in sacred regions where they did not plant, hunt or gather at all, respecting the species living there as part of that sacred realm. In ecological terms, this practice was tantamount to creating refuges for animal species and repopulation. Indigenous peoples are familiar with the knowledge that animals perform a significant role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem through their foraging and the spreading of seeds away from parent trees or plants, but they also associate a healthy natural environment with a harmonious relationship with the spiritual world. All species have spiritual guardians, for instance, which must be propitiated so as to maintain the abundance of natural life. Animals are the prime messengers as well between the spirit world and the realm of the living, and their habits and movements must be closely watched to capture such messages as they are delivered to us. Atmospheric phenomena like moon halos or rainbows are equally attributed to certain animals. Animal species are thus prime mediators between the human, natural and spiritual worlds. Indigenous peoples are acutely aware that there are no sustainable use or tenure of land, let alone any balanced relation to one’s environment without a commensal form of living with animals and plants.